Abstract The hybrid atoms-cell site entanglement in a one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) topological insulator with first and second neighbor hopping in space representation of finite chains is analyzed. The geometrical phase is calculated by the Resta electric polarization and the entanglement in the atomic basis by the Schmidt number. A relation between entanglement and the topological phase transitions (TPT) is given since the Schmidt number has local critical points of maximal entangled (ME) states in the singularities of the geometrical phase. States with second-neighbors have higher entanglement than first-neighbors hopping. The general conditions to produce ME hybrid Bell states and the localization-entanglement relation are given.

Abstract Green sulfur bacteria is a photosynthetic organism whose light-harvesting complex accommodates a pigment-protein complex called Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO). The FMO complex sustains quantum coherence and quantum correlations between the electronic states of 7 separated chromophores as energy moves with nearly a 100% quantum efficiency to the reaction center. We present a method based on the quantum uncertainty associated to local measurements to quantify discord-like quantum correlations between two subsystems where one is a qubit and the other is a qudit. We implement the method by calculating local quantum uncertainty (LQU), concurrence, and coherence between subsystems of pure and mixed states represented by the eigenstates and by the thermal equilibrium state determined by the FMO Hamiltonian. Three partitions of the seven chromophores network define the subsystems: one chromophore with six chromophores, pairs of chromophores, and one chromophore with two chromophores. The robustness of the LQU method allows quantification of quantum correlations that had not been studied before, identification of the strongest correlations in qubits networks , and a possible implementation in dynamical models to study efficient energy transport pathways. Finally, we take the LQU of the most quantum correlated subsets of chromophores as the signature of the non-classicity of the system to study physical properties such as populations, energy fluctuations, and specific heat. We find that a Schottky-like anomaly in the specific heat identifies the availability of energy levels, which in turn define the relation between a measurable macroscopic magnitude and non-classical resources.

Objective: 3 cases of intestinal obstruction that resulted in diagnosis of obturator hernia, their management and a brief international literature review are presented. Material and methods: Discussion of the presentation, images, and management. In all cases surgery was performed the same day from the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and confirmation of obturator hernia. The management of the hernia and it's content was adjusted to each patient's situation. Results: Our 3 patients, when reviewed retrospectively, had the classic presentations and images of obturator hernia. All of them had a favourable evolution with an early discharge and no complications on follow up. Discussion: Our 3 cases had clinical presentations and imaging studies that correlated well with international literature. Conclusion: Obturator hernia is an infrequent pathology, but appears in a particular type of patient and with classic presentation. Axial computed tomography is an important tool and usually makes the diagnosis previously to surgical exploration. It is important to consider this diagnosis when being faced with patients with intestinal obstruction.

Resumen Objetivo: Se presentan 3 casos de obstrucción intestinal por hernia obturatriz atascada, su manejo y una breve revisión de la literatura. Materiales y Métodos: Discusión del cuadro clínico, imágenes y manejo. Todos los casos fueron operados dentro del mismo día del diagnóstico y se confirmó la presencia de hernia obturatriz. El manejo de la hernia y su contenido fue ajustado a la situación de cada paciente. Resultados: Los tres casos de hernia obturatriz aquí discutidos tienen la presentación clásica del cuadro, cuando se los revisa en forma retrospectiva y con imagenología compatible. Los tres pacientes evolucionaron en forma satisfactoria con alta precoz y control posoperatorio sin incidentes. Discusión: Nuestros 3 casos se condicen tanto en hallazgos clínicos, imagenológicos y en manejo con lo descrito en la literatura internacional. Conclusión: La hernia del agujero obturatriz siendo infrecuente, se presenta en un tipo particular de pacientes y con sintomatología clásica. La tomografía axial computada es de gran ayuda y suele hacer el diagnóstico preciso en el preoperatorio. Es importante recordar este diagnóstico diferencial al momento de estudiar pacientes con obstrucción intestinal.

Gangrenous pioderma (PG) is an uncommon ulcerative pathology of unknown etiology associated with autoimmune diseases. It is a non-predictable chronic condition, that can be incapacitating and patients that suffer this disease can also present systemic compromise. As it is a diagnosed by exclusion it may lead to long periods of failed treatments. The present work deals with a case of a 52-year-old male patient with no prior record of disease, who was admitted to the ER of El Pino Hospital suffering from recurrent abdominal pain. During the imaging study a retroperitoneal mass was found, associated with a left hydro-uretero-nephrosis. He was admitted and a exploratory mid-laparotomy was performed and samples were taken for biopsy. The procedure was successful and the established protocol was followed. However, during the recovery period the patient developed repeated surgical wound dehiscences of the surgical wounds. An internal consultation with the Dermatology Service took place, and the diagnosis of PG was made; proper pharmaceutical treatment was provided attaining excellent results.

El pioderma gangrenoso (PG), es una patología ulcerativa infrecuente de etiología desconocida, asociado ocasionalmente a enfermedades autoinmunes. Es una condición crónica, de curso clínico impredecible y puede ser invalidante. Al ser complejo su diagnóstico, el retraso del mismo puede ocasionar al paciente morbilidades añadidas, como: tratamientos incorrectos y períodos de hospitalizaciones prolongados. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 52 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos, que ingresa a Urgencias en el Hospital el Pino, por dolor abdominal recurrente. Durante el estudio de imágenes se evidencia una masa retroperitoneal, asociada a hidro-uretero-nefrosis izquierda. Ingresa al Servicio de Cirugía para estudio, realizándose una laparotomía media exploratoria y toma de muestras para biopsia. Procedimiento realizado sin incidentes. El paciente pese a múltiples tratamientos otorgados en esa unidad, evoluciona con dehiscencia de suturas recurrentes por tres meses. Evaluado por Dermatología se inicia estudio y se diagnostica PG, teniendo una excelente respuesta al tratamiento indicado.

This work reports preliminary results from investigations of the chemical and physical transformations of gangue materials during ferric leaching of a copper sulphide ore in sulphuric acid solutions, and their effect on copper leachability. Experiments were conducted with sulphide ore containing 0.6% Cu, consisting mainly of chalcopyrite, chalcocite, and covellite particles in the size range -3/8 +1/4 inches (6.3-9.5 mm). Leaching was conducted on small flooded ore beds using solutions containing 10 g/L H2SO4 and 3 g/L Fe³+. Leaching solutions were maintained at a constant pH (pH = 1) and at a constant Eh (0.75 V/NHE) during the experiments. Leaching progress was monitored through analysis of Cu, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Mg in solution. Chemical transformations in the ore were characterized by XRD and changes in the internal porosity of ore particles were characterized by measuring nitrogen adsorption with a sorptometer. The results showed a fivefold increase in internal porous area of the ore particles due to selective leaching of gangue species under acid attack. Variation in ore porosity influences the kinetics of copper dissolution, presumably due to the liberation of sulphide particles occluded in the gangue.

The benign familial pemphigus or Hailey Hailey´s disease is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. We present the clinical case of a patient with a five years history, characterized by vesicular intertriginous malodorous lesions with poor response to topical antifungal therapy. Skin biopsy it was compatible with Hailey Hailey´s disease which was managed with antibiotic therapy and systemic corticosteroids. The patient evolved favorably.

El pénfigo familiar benigno o enfermedad de Hailey Hailey, es una genodermatosis vesico-ampollar autosómica dominante, con penetrancia incompleta y expresividad variable de presentación infrecuente. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con un cuadro de cinco años de evolución, caracterizado por lesiones vesiculares intertriginosas, de olor desagradable, con mala respuesta al tratamiento tópico con antifúngicos y corticoides. Se realiza biopsia de piel compatible con pénfigo de Hailey Hailey, el que fue manejado con antibióticoterapia y corticoides sistémicos, evolucionando favorablemente.

Abstract: Experimental results of CO2 adsorption at different temperatures (463-583 K) are presented for natural zeolites clinoptilolite, mordenite, erionite, epistilbite, and kaolinite clay in order to compare their adsorption capacities and textural properties. Complementarity were assessed standard adsorption energies and the degree of interaction of CO2 with zeolites through the evolution of isosteric heats of adsorption. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, while their textural properties were determined by nitrogen adsorption. The specific surface area was calculated by BET and Langmuir methods. The total pore volume (VΣ) was evaluated by the Gurvitsch equation.

Resumen: Se presentan resultados experimentales de adsorción de CO2 a distintas temperaturas (463-583 K) en zeolitas naturales clinoptilolita, mordenita, erionita, epistilbita y en la arcilla caolinita para comparar sus capacidades de adsorción y propiedades textuales. Fueron evaluadas energías estándar de adsorción y el grado de interacción de CO2 con las zeolitas a través de la evolución de los calores isostéricos de adsorción. Los materiales se caracterizaron por difracción de Rayos X, microscopía electrónica de barrido y espectroscopia de dispersión de energía; su textura se determinó por la adsorción de nitrógeno. Se calculó la superficie específica por los métodos BET y Langmuir. El volumen total de poro (VΣ) fue evaluado por la ecuación de Gurvitsch.

A study was carried out to evaluate the leaf gas exchange relations and water-use efficiency (WUE) of ungrafted Carménère (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines growing under field conditions and different levels of water stress. Stomatal conductance (g s), transpiration (E), net CO2 assimilation (A N) and stem water potential (i*s) were measured at midday in a drip-irrigated commercial vineyard located in the Maule Valley (Chile) during three growing seasons (2005 to 2009). In addition, the instantaneous (A N/E) and intrinsic (A N/g s) water-use efficiencies and stomatal sensitivity factor (k) were estimated for the own-rooted grapevines. In this study a significant non-linear relationship was observed between A N and g s (r² = 0.82), with values of A N decreasing from 14.9 to 3.5 pmol/m2/sec as g s diminished from 0.5 to 0.05 mol/m²/sec. This resulted in a progressive increase in WUEi (intrinsic water use efficiency). A significant linear relationship was observed between i*s and g s (r² = 0.39) for measurements taken before and after véraison, with an increasing scattering from -1.6 to -0.4 MPa. Finally, k decreased as water stress increased, with values of 234 and 120 for no and severe water stress respectively, while k ranged from 264 to 480 and 255 to 297 for the measurements taken before and after véraison respectively. Based on the results obtained in the present study, the cultivar Carménère could be classified as drought tolerant at low water potentials, with a large range of physiological parameters changing in response to water stress.

Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de metástasis óseas, evaluando la predominancia respecto al género, grupo etáreo, e identificar la frecuencia de los tipos de cáncer primario. Métodos: la presente investigación es de tipo, descriptiva, retrospectiva, transversal que considero una muestra de 1593 estudios de gammagrafías óseas realizados con MDP 99mTc en el Centro de Medicina Nuclear Cochabamba durante el periodo 2009 al 2013. Resultados: la prevalencia de metástasis ósea obtenida fue de 24,7%, siendo el género masculino (65%) el grupo más afectado respecto al femenino (35%). El grupo etáreo con mayor número de casos fue el de 61-70 años. Con relación al cáncer de origen primario se obtuvieron los siguientes datos: próstata (59,3%); mama (26,2%), pulmón (4,6%), cáncer cérvicouterino (1,7%), mieloma múltiple (1,7%); sarcoma (1,4%); riñón (1,1%), colon (0,9%) y otros (3,1%). Conclusiones: se obtuvo una prevalencia de metástasis óseas en la cuarta parte de la población, donde el género masculino fue más afectado. El grupo etáreo con mayor cantidad de neoplasias estuvo en la población adulta a partir de los 61 años. Finalmente en nuestro estudio el cáncer de origen primario con mayor frecuencia fue el de próstata, seguido de mama y pulmón respecto a otros.

Objectives: to determine the prevalence of bone metastases, assessing the predominance respect to gender, age group, and to identify the frequency of primary cancers. Methods: this research type is descriptive, retrospective; I consider a cross-sample of 1593 studies performed bone scans with 99mTc MDP in the Nuclear Medicine Center Cochabamba during the period 2009 to 2013. Results: the prevalence of bone metastases obtained was 24.7%, male gender (65%) being the most affected compared to women (35%) group. The age group with the highest number of cases was 61-70 years. Relative to the source primary cancer the following data were obtained: prostate (59.3%); breast (26.2%), lung (4.6%), cervical cancer (1.7%), myeloma multiple (1.7%); sarcoma (1.4%); kidney (1.1%), colon (0.9%) and others (3.1%). Conclusions: the prevalence of bone metastases in a quarter of the population, where the male was most affected was obtained. The age group with the highest number of tumors were in the adult population aged 61 years. Finally, in our study the primary origin of cancer was most frequent prostate, breast and lung followed over others.

Background: There is increasing interest in the study and improvement of health system resource allocation. The Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) System measures the morbidity burden of patient populations based on disease patterns, age and gender. This system can be used in primary health care settings. Aim: To report the use of the ACG system as a risk based patient classification system and its potential as a resource allocation mechanism in primary health care. Material and Methods: Patient diagnoses from a sample of primary care establishments were processed using the Johns Hopkins ACG System. Linear regressions were used to measure the ACG System's ability to explain resource use and ambulatory visit rates. Results: The ACG System had a statistically significant capacity to explain primary health care costs with an adjusted R² of 0.26. These results are significantly better, compared with risk assessment models based on patients' age and sex, whose adjusted R² is 0.05. Conclusions: The use of risk adjustment mechanisms will contribute to improve health care resource allocation as well to know the disease profile of the population.

En este artículo se comparte una reflexión en torno a la lectura de diferentes ensayos de colegas-psiquiatras españoles, como Guillermo Rendueles Olmedo, Manuel Desviat, Teresa Cabruja, Iván de la Mata Ruiz y Alberto Ortiz Lobo, quienes denuncian enérgicamente la psicologización e individualización del malestar, como forma de despolitización y desocialización del sufrimiento, el cual es inseparablemente individual y social. Se alude también a lo que se consideran las causas del malestar del psiquiatra y, finalmente, a partir de las reflexiones del filósofo francés Jean Paul Sartre y del filósofo alemán Arthur Schopenhauer se habla sobre el ser político y social.

In this paper, I want to share reflections that stem from reading the essays of several Spanish colleagues, psychiatrists Guillermo Rendueles Olmedo, Manuel Desviat, Teresa Cabruja, Ivan de la Mata Ruiz, and Alberto Ortiz Lobo, who strongly denounce the psychologization and individualization of discomfort, as a way to de-politicize and de-socialize suffering, which is inseparably personal and social. I will also refer to what I consider are the causes of the malaise of the psychiatrist and finally, based on the ideas of French philosopher Jean Paul Sartre and German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, I will talk about being political and social.

Los establecimientos de atención en salud son entornos donde se congregan pacientes que en menor o mayor grado presentan compromisos inmunológicos. En este contexto, el ambiente hospitalario resulta un espacio donde podrían adquirir infecciones nosocomiales con el consiguiente deterioro del cuadro clínico preexistente. En el presente estudio se realizaron evaluaciones en ambientes hospitalarios de centros de salud ubicados en la ciudad de Valencia, Venezuela, tomando en cuenta áreas críticas como quirófanos. Para la captación de las muestras se tomó en cuenta las metodologías establecidas en las Normas Técnicas Españolas. La captación del aire sobre los medios de cultivo Nutritivo y Sabouraud se incubaron a 37°C de 24-72 horas, para determinar UFC/m³ de aire. Conjuntamente se midió la temperatura y humedad relativa. La identificación microbiológica se realizó utilizando galerias bioquímicas automatizadas (API). De los 6 centros hospitalarios evaluados, 5 quirófanos presentaron más de 10 UFC/m³ de aerobios mesófilos y más de 20 UFC/m³ de población fúngica, cuyo rango debería ser menor a 10UFC/m³. Los microorganismos identificados con mayor frecuencia fueron: Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Acinetobacter lowfii, Aspergillus nidulans, A. terreus y Geotrichum candidum. Las medidas de temperatura fueron mayores a 20°C y la humedad relativa mayor a 45%, siendo el rango establecido por la NTP 409 para la temperatura entre 15-18°C, y 50-70% en cuanto a la humedad relativa. Se infiere que existe poco compromiso en aplicar las medidas correctas para cumplir a cabalidad con las normas de manipulación de pacientes en áreas críticas, lo que propicia un entorno favorable para el desarrollo microbiano, además de factores como temperatura, humedad relativa, sistemas de climatización, que no cumplen con lo indicado según las normas técnicas Internacionales.

Health center facilities are areas where patients who have a greater or lesser degree of immunological compromise congregate. In this context, the hospital environment is a space where nosocomial diseases could be acquired causing deterioration of the preexistent clinical condition. This study carried out evaluations in hospital environments at health centers in the city of Valencia, Venezuela, taking into account critical areas such as operating theatres. For sample collection, methodologies established by the Spanish Technical Standards were taken into account. The air samples taken over Nutritivo and Sabouraud cultivation media were incubated at 37°C for 24-72 hours, to determine the UFC/m³ for the air. Following a 24-hour incubation at 37°C, the bacterial charges (UFC/m³) were determined. Additionally, temperature and relative humidity were measured. Taxonomical identification was achieved through a computerized biochemical test (API galleries). Five out of the six health centers evidenced more than 10UFC/m³ and 20 UFC/m³ for the bacterial and fungal charges, respectively. These values are higher than those allowed by official legislation. The most frequently detected microorganisms were Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Acinetobacter lowfii, Aspergillus nidulans, A. terreus and Geotrichum candidum. The temperature and relative humidity were always higher than 20°C and 45%, whereas ranges established by the NTP 409 norm are 15-18ºC and 50-70%, respectively. It seems there is little commitment to applying correct measures to comply fully with standards for patient handling in critical areas, favoring an environment conducive to microbial development, as well as factors such as temperature, relative humidity and air conditioning systems, which do not comply with what is indicated in international technical standards.

The search for new, alternative means of pest control in order to reduce the contamination of forest ecosystems is currently a task of the first order. This work was carried out in a study area at the Estación Experimental Forestal Viñales (Viñales Forest Research Station), located in the municipality of Pinar del Río. Its objective was to find an ecological and efficient method to control Hypsipyla grandella Zeller in Cedrela odorata L. (spanish cedar) plantations. Different treatments ((biopesticides obtained from the seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Nim), Dysiston G-10, pruning and a control) were employed under a design of randomized complete blocks. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for the following variables: number of attacks, number of bifurcations, height loss, and the height of the first bifurcation; when there were significant differences, the Student-Newman-Keuls test was conducted. For the variables studied, the best treatments were the Nim biopesticides and pruning, as there were significant differences between them and the control and the chemical product. In addition, the efficiency and environmental benefits arising from the use of the Nim biopesticide and pruning are compared with conventional pesticides.

La búsqueda de nuevos medios de control de plagas como alternativa para reducir la contaminación de los ecosistemas forestales, constituye en la actualidad una tarea de primer orden. Este trabajo fue realizado en un área de estudio de la Estación Experimental Forestal Viñales, ubicada en el municipio de Pinar del Río, Cuba, y tiene como objetivo disponer de un método ecológico y eficiente de control de Hypsipyla grandella Zeller en plantaciones de Cedrela odorata L. (cedro rojo), para lo cual se utilizaron diferentes tratamientos (bioinsecticida obtenido a partir de la semilla de Azadirachta indica A. Juss [Nim], Dysiston G-10, poda y testigo) bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar. El procesamiento estadístico se realizó para las siguientes variables: número de ataques, número de bifurcaciones, pérdida de altura y altura de la primera bifurcación con la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal Wallis; cuando hubo diferencias significativas, se realizó la prueba Student-Newman-Keuls. Para las variables objeto de estudio los mejores tratamientos fueron el bioplaguicida del Nim y la poda, existiendo diferencias significativas respecto al testigo y al producto químico. Asimismo, se muestran las ventajas eficientes y ecológicas derivadas del empleo del bioplaguicida de Nim y la poda en comparación con insecticidas convencionales.

Protecting natural resources and reducing man-induced incidences of disappearance of species requires all our attention. Studies conducted on many threatened orchid species in different habitats do not delve into the relationship between these species and the pests present in the environment where they grow. This research provides orchid growers new information on Chrysomphalus ficus Ashmead incidence on the cuban orchid species Encyclia brevifolia. Based on systematic statistical monitoring of the conditions of Soroa Botanical Garden's Orchid Collection, the study yielded information that can be used as a reference for perfecting the strategy for conservation of this species by orchid growers and national botanical gardens. In addition, the pest population was observed and its presence on different plant organs was compared in function of time and temperature.

La intención de proteger los recursos naturales y disminuir las incidencias, catalizadas por el hombre, en la desaparición de muchas especies, requiere de toda nuestra atención. Los estudios realizados sobre las amenazas que ponen en peligro la existencia de muchas especies de orquídeas en diferentes hábitats, no profundizan en la relación existente de estas especies con las plagas presentes en el ambiente donde se desarrollan estas plantas. La presente investigación aporta a los cultivadores de orquídeas una nueva información acerca de la incidencia de Chrysomphalus ficus Ashmead. Sobre la especie de orquídea cubana Encyclia brevifolia. El análisis estadístico aplicado a la misma, ha obtenido importantes resultados. Este proceso se basó en el monitoreo sistemático estadístico para las condiciones del Jardín Botánico Orquideario Soroa, el cual arrojó importante información para los cultivadores de orquídeas y los Jardines Botánicos Nacionales, que puede ser utilizada como referencia en el perfeccionamiento de la estrategia trazada para la conservación de dicha especie. En la misma se muestra el comportamiento de la plaga comparativamente sobre los órganos de la planta en función del tiempo y de la temperatura.

Heats isosteric of light hydrocarbons (alkanes) adsorption on microporous substrates (clinoptilolite, erionite zeolites and SiO2) was studied by the inverse gas chromatography method at zero coverage. The substrates were characterized by XR diffraction, surface area measurement, and chemical analysis. Alkanes adsorption (n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane and nnonane) was investigated in the temperature range 423-623 K, using a conductivity thermal detector, and helium as a carrier gas. The heat of adsorption for alkanes were calculated from the retention data through Clausius-Clapeyron equation. From these results the activated effect showed by ERIN zeolite is relevant.

Calores isostéricos de adsorción de n-alcanos (n-hexano, n-heptano, n-octano y n-nonano) sobre substratos microporosos (zeolitas erionita, clinoptilolita y SiO2) fueron estudiados por el método de cromatografía gas-solido (CGS) a grados de cobertura nulos. Previamente los sólidos porosos fueron caracterizados por difracción de rayos X (XDR), microscopía de fuerza atómica (AFM), adsorción de N2 a 77 K y análisis químico. La adsorción de las parafinas ligeras ha sido investigada en el intervalo de temperaturas 423-623 K, usando un detector de conductividad térmica y helio como gas portador. Los calores isostéricos de adsorción q st de las parafinas ligeras fueron obtenidos mediante la aplicación de la ecuación de Clausius-Clapeyron. Se observa que en todo el intervalo de temperaturas estudiado se lleva a cabo una adsorción selectiva de estos hidrocarburos en función del número de carbones que conforman la cadena de los n-alcanos. De los resultados obtenidos la zeolita ERIN presenta los mayores valores en los q st atribuida al efecto de tipo activado mostrado por esta zeolita.